The above code, when compiled and run, returns the following output:
Int MAXINT: 2147483647 Short MAXINT: -1 A frequent paradigm for such a
problem being exploitable is when the truncated value is used as an
array index, which can happen implicitly when 64-bit values are used as
indexes, as they are truncated to 32 bits.
Potential Mitigations
Implementation
Ensure that no casts, implicit or explicit, take place that move from
a larger size primitive or a smaller size primitive.
Other Notes
When a primitive is cast to a smaller primitive, the high order bits of
the large value are lost in the conversion, potentially resulting in an
unexpected value that is not equal to the original value. This value may be
required as an index into a buffer, a loop iterator, or simply necessary
state data. In any case, the value cannot be trusted and the system will be
in an undefined state. While this method may be employed viably to isolate
the low bits of a value, this usage is rare, and truncation usually implies
that an implementation error has occurred.
Description
Implementation
