 Objective Audience RelationshipsThe following graph shows the tree-like relationships between weaknesses that exist at different levels of abstraction. At the highest level, categories and classes exist to group weaknesses. A category is a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic. Classes are weaknesses that are described in a very abstract fashion, typically independent of any specific language or technology and are more general than a base weakness. Within classes, base level weaknesses are used to present a more specific type of weakness that is still mostly independent of a resource or technology, but with sufficient details to provide specific methods for detection and prevention. A variant is a weakness that is described at a very low level of detail, typically limited to a specific language or technology. A chain is a set of weaknesses that must be reachable consecutively in order to produce an exploitable vulnerability. A composite is a set of weaknesses that must all be present simultaneously in order to produce an exploitable vulnerability. Show Details:
1026 - Weaknesses in OWASP Top Ten (2017)
  Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A1 - Injection - (1027)Weaknesses in this category are related to the A1 category in the OWASP Top Ten 2017.   Class - a weakness that is described in a very abstract fashion, typically independent of any specific language or technology. More general than a Base weakness.Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection') - (77)The software constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.  Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection') - (78)The software constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.Shell injectionShell metacharacters Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Argument Injection or Modification - (88)The software does not sufficiently delimit the arguments being passed to a component in another control sphere, allowing alternate arguments to be provided, leading to potentially security-relevant changes. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection') - (89)The software constructs all or part of an SQL command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended SQL command when it is sent to a downstream component. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query ('LDAP Injection') - (90)The software constructs all or part of an LDAP query using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended LDAP query when it is sent to a downstream component. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.XML Injection (aka Blind XPath Injection) - (91)The software does not properly neutralize special elements that are used in XML, allowing attackers to modify the syntax, content, or commands of the XML before it is processed by an end system.  Variant - a weakness that is described at a very low level of detail, typically limited to a specific language or technology. More specific than a Base weakness.SQL Injection: Hibernate - (564)Using Hibernate to execute a dynamic SQL statement built with user-controlled input can allow an attacker to modify the statement's meaning or to execute arbitrary SQL commands. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection') - (917)The software constructs all or part of an expression language (EL) statement in a Java Server Page (JSP) using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended EL statement before it is executed.EL Injection Class - a weakness that is described in a very abstract fashion, typically independent of any specific language or technology. More general than a Base weakness.Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic - (943)The application generates a query intended to access or manipulate data in a data store such as a database, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that can modify the intended logic of the query. Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A2 - Broken Authentication - (1028)Weaknesses in this category are related to the A2 category in the OWASP Top Ten 2017. Class - a weakness that is described in a very abstract fashion, typically independent of any specific language or technology. More general than a Base weakness.Improper Authentication - (287)When an actor claims to have a given identity, the software does not prove or insufficiently proves that the claim is correct.authentificationAuthC Variant - a weakness that is described at a very low level of detail, typically limited to a specific language or technology. More specific than a Base weakness.Unprotected Storage of Credentials - (256)Storing a password in plaintext may result in a system compromise. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Use of Single-factor Authentication - (308)The use of single-factor authentication can lead to unnecessary risk of compromise when compared with the benefits of a dual-factor authentication scheme.  Composite - a Compound Element that consists of two or more distinct weaknesses, in which all weaknesses must be present at the same time in order for a potential vulnerability to arise. Removing any of the weaknesses eliminates or sharply reduces the risk. One weakness, X, can be "broken down" into component weaknesses Y and Z. There can be cases in which one weakness might not be essential to a composite, but changes the nature of the composite when it becomes a vulnerability.Session Fixation - (384)Authenticating a user, or otherwise establishing a new user session, without invalidating any existing session identifier gives an attacker the opportunity to steal authenticated sessions. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Insufficiently Protected Credentials - (522)This weakness occurs when the application transmits or stores authentication credentials and uses an insecure method that is susceptible to unauthorized interception and/or retrieval. Variant - a weakness that is described at a very low level of detail, typically limited to a specific language or technology. More specific than a Base weakness.Unprotected Transport of Credentials - (523)Login pages not using adequate measures to protect the user name and password while they are in transit from the client to the server. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Insufficient Session Expiration - (613)According to WASC, "Insufficient Session Expiration is when a web site permits an attacker to reuse old session credentials or session IDs for authorization." Variant - a weakness that is described at a very low level of detail, typically limited to a specific language or technology. More specific than a Base weakness.Unverified Password Change - (620)When setting a new password for a user, the product does not require knowledge of the original password, or using another form of authentication. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Weak Password Recovery Mechanism for Forgotten Password - (640)The software contains a mechanism for users to recover or change their passwords without knowing the original password, but the mechanism is weak. Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A3 - Sensitive Data Exposure - (1029)Weaknesses in this category are related to the A3 category in the OWASP Top Ten 2017. Variant - a weakness that is described at a very low level of detail, typically limited to a specific language or technology. More specific than a Base weakness.Sensitive Data Under FTP Root - (220)The application stores sensitive data under the FTP document root with insufficient access control, which might make it accessible to untrusted parties. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Improper Certificate Validation - (295)The software does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Missing Encryption of Sensitive Data - (311)The software does not encrypt sensitive or critical information before storage or transmission. Variant - a weakness that is described at a very low level of detail, typically limited to a specific language or technology. More specific than a Base weakness.Cleartext Storage of Sensitive Information - (312)The application stores sensitive information in cleartext within a resource that might be accessible to another control sphere. Variant - a weakness that is described at a very low level of detail, typically limited to a specific language or technology. More specific than a Base weakness.Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information - (319)The software transmits sensitive or security-critical data in cleartext in a communication channel that can be sniffed by unauthorized actors. Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.Key Management Errors - (320)Weaknesses in this category are related to errors in the management of cryptographic keys. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Missing Required Cryptographic Step - (325)The software does not implement a required step in a cryptographic algorithm, resulting in weaker encryption than advertised by that algorithm. Class - a weakness that is described in a very abstract fashion, typically independent of any specific language or technology. More general than a Base weakness.Inadequate Encryption Strength - (326)The software stores or transmits sensitive data using an encryption scheme that is theoretically sound, but is not strong enough for the level of protection required. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm - (327)The use of a broken or risky cryptographic algorithm is an unnecessary risk that may result in the exposure of sensitive information. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Reversible One-Way Hash - (328)The product uses a hashing algorithm that produces a hash value that can be used to determine the original input, or to find an input that can produce the same hash, more efficiently than brute force techniques. Class - a weakness that is described in a very abstract fashion, typically independent of any specific language or technology. More general than a Base weakness.Exposure of Private Information ('Privacy Violation') - (359)The software does not properly prevent private data (such as credit card numbers) from being accessed by actors who either (1) are not explicitly authorized to access the data or (2) do not have the implicit consent of the people to which the data is related.Privacy leakPrivacy leakage Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A4 - XML External Entities (XXE) - (1030)Weaknesses in this category are related to the A4 category in the OWASP Top Ten 2017. Variant - a weakness that is described at a very low level of detail, typically limited to a specific language or technology. More specific than a Base weakness.Improper Restriction of XML External Entity Reference ('XXE') - (611)The software processes an XML document that can contain XML entities with URIs that resolve to documents outside of the intended sphere of control, causing the product to embed incorrect documents into its output.XXE Variant - a weakness that is described at a very low level of detail, typically limited to a specific language or technology. More specific than a Base weakness.Improper Restriction of Recursive Entity References in DTDs ('XML Entity Expansion') - (776)The software uses XML documents and allows their structure to be defined with a Document Type Definition (DTD), but it does not properly control the number of recursive definitions of entities.XEEBillion Laughs AttackXML Bomb Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A5 - Broken Access Control - (1031)Weaknesses in this category are related to the A5 category in the OWASP Top Ten 2017. Class - a weakness that is described in a very abstract fashion, typically independent of any specific language or technology. More general than a Base weakness.Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal') - (22)The software uses external input to construct a pathname that is intended to identify a file or directory that is located underneath a restricted parent directory, but the software does not properly neutralize special elements within the pathname that can cause the pathname to resolve to a location that is outside of the restricted directory.Directory traversalPath traversal Class - a weakness that is described in a very abstract fashion, typically independent of any specific language or technology. More general than a Base weakness.Improper Access Control - (284)The software does not restrict or incorrectly restricts access to a resource from an unauthorized actor.Authorization Class - a weakness that is described in a very abstract fashion, typically independent of any specific language or technology. More general than a Base weakness.Improper Authorization - (285)The software does not perform or incorrectly performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.AuthZ Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Direct Request ('Forced Browsing') - (425)The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.forced browsing Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key - (639)The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.Insecure Direct Object ReferenceHorizontal Authorization Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A6 - Security Misconfiguration - (1032)Weaknesses in this category are related to the A6 category in the OWASP Top Ten 2017. Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.Configuration - (16)Weaknesses in this category are typically introduced during the configuration of the software. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Information Exposure Through an Error Message - (209)The software generates an error message that includes sensitive information about its environment, users, or associated data. Variant - a weakness that is described at a very low level of detail, typically limited to a specific language or technology. More specific than a Base weakness.Information Exposure Through Directory Listing - (548)A directory listing is inappropriately exposed, yielding potentially sensitive information to attackers. Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A7 - Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) - (1033)Weaknesses in this category are related to the A7 category in the OWASP Top Ten 2017. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') - (79)The software does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes user-controllable input before it is placed in output that is used as a web page that is served to other users.XSSHTML InjectionCSS Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A8 - Insecure Deserialization - (1034)Weaknesses in this category are related to the A8 category in the OWASP Top Ten 2017. Variant - a weakness that is described at a very low level of detail, typically limited to a specific language or technology. More specific than a Base weakness.Deserialization of Untrusted Data - (502)The application deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently verifying that the resulting data will be valid.Marshaling, UnmarshalingPickling, Unpickling Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9 - Using Components with Known Vulnerabilities - (1035)Weaknesses in this category are related to the A9 category in the OWASP Top Ten 2017. Category - a CWE entry that contains a set of other entries that share a common characteristic.OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A10 - Insufficient Logging & Monitoring - (1036)Weaknesses in this category are related to the A10 category in the OWASP Top Ten 2017. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Omission of Security-relevant Information - (223)The application does not record or display information that would be important for identifying the source or nature of an attack, or determining if an action is safe. Base - a weakness that is described in an abstract fashion, but with sufficient details to infer specific methods for detection and prevention. More general than a Variant weakness, but more specific than a Class weakness.Insufficient Logging - (778)When a security-critical event occurs, the software either does not record the event or omits important details about the event when logging it. Notes References View Metrics Content History
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